Breast Cancer Pain Essay - 723 Words

Breast Cancer Pain Breast Anatomy and Physiology The breasts or mammary glands are sometimes considered a part of the reproduction system. Structurally, they are modified sweat glands. They are composed of mainly fat, breast tissue, nerves, veins, arteries, and connective tissues. The breast is usually situated on top of the pectoral major muscles covering the second rib to the sixth or seventh rib and extends from the sternum to the mid-axillary line. Breast tissue has an axillary tail which extends into the armpit region. Most breast cancer originates here. The nipple is usually level with the fourth intercostal space in men and nulliparous women. The connective tissues (suspensory or Coopers ligaments) and fat help†¦show more content†¦This system works via the five groups of axillary nodes, one group of interpectoral nodes, one group of parasternal nodes and ultimately subclavian lymph trunk. Since axillary nodes provide seventy five percent of drainage, they are usually the first to be invaded by cancer cells. Externally, each breast has a nipple that is made of erectile muscle tissue. These muscle tissue raises the nipples in response to stimulation or breastfeeding. Surrounding the nipples are the areola and areolar glands. These glands are small pumps with oil (sebaceous) glands that provide lubrication during breast feeding. Sometimes there will be hair growing on edge of the areola. This is normal especially in women on birth control pills. The breast starts forming when the fetus is about five weeks old. It begins with mammary ridge which develops along the trunk from the axilla to the groin. Then 15 to 20 branches of the solid epithelial columns are formed. These columns are then canalized before birth to form the lactiferous ducts. When a baby is born, the breasts and most of their structures have already formed. Before puberty, male and female breasts are almost alike. It consists of lactiferous ducts with no lobules (milk glands). At puberty, hormones created by the ovaries and pituitary gland cause the ducts to proliferate and form solid inactive lobes in female. HighShow MoreRelatedThe Treatment Of Breast Cancer1134 Words   |  5 PagesBreast cancer affects so many women around the world. Even with the technology and medicine we have today to treat this deadly disease, the pain a patient experiences with breast cancer is still relentless. Pain comes from either progression of the disease or a side effect from treatment. In this article they talk about the role of the WHO’s three step analgesic ladder and how the administration of opioids for breast cancer patients experiencing pain effect ones psychological state and their qualityRead MoreBreast Cancer : The Second Most Common Cause Of Cancer E ssay1612 Words   |  7 Pages Breast Cancer Part A:- According to Cancer council Australia, Breast cancer was the second most common cause of cancer death in women in 2012 whereas it is expected to be the 3rd most common cause of cancer death this year. In 2012, 15166 cases of new breast cancer were diagnosed whereas the estimated number of new breast cancer diagnosis in 2016 is about 16084 with 90% five year survival rate. (Cancer Australia â€Å", 2016). 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Trying to beat cancer can be a long, extraneous, and in someRead MoreTaking a Look at Breast Cancer1758 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Breast cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related death among females in the world. It is known for â€Å"have both a genetic and non-genetic etiology† (Milne et al., 2010). It involves a combination of several factors- such as â€Å"genetic, environmental and behavioral risk factors†- that are unique to each individual (Nickels et al., 2013). This type of cancer is represented by a malignant tumor manifested in breast cells such as the line duct and line lobules cells, just to name a fewRead MoreBreast Cancer : A Dangerous Disease799 Words   |  4 Pages I can explain so much about breast cancer because I have had family members die from this disease. Being around a person with cancer will heart your heart so bad. My cousin and uncle had it. Seeing them in so much pain hurt me so bad, but all I could do was pray. I would like to inform others aboutRead MoreBreast Massage For Greater Breast Health And Cancer Prevention By Moving The Lymph791 Words   |  4 PagesBreast Massage for Greater Breast Health and Cancer Prevention by Moving the Lymph By Melissa Gallagher | Submitted On September 28, 2012 Recommend Article Article Comments Print Article Share this article on Facebook Share this article on Twitter Share this article on Google+ Share this article on Linkedin Share this article on StumbleUpon Share this article on Delicious Share this article on Digg Share this article on Reddit Share this article on Pinterest Expert Author Melissa Gallagher

Professional Football Training and Development Free Essays

string(65) " starts the specialization phase which is mainly non-unilateral\." Football is among the topmost popular sports in the modern world and is characterized as an intermittent, high intensity and non-continuous exercise. However, there is still a lot of debate and uncertainty surrounding the sport’s physiological requirements as a result of the overemphasis of skills which lead to the neglect of physical fitness, difficulty in scientific study of the sports as well as the conservative training methods that are mainly employed in the development and training of professional players. There has been an evolutionary trend in the professional football such as changes in the roles that players have, a greater frequency of fixtures to play and new tactics and strategies that continue to increase the all round fitness demands for players. We will write a custom essay sample on Professional Football Training and Development or any similar topic only for you Order Now This paper thus wishes to explore periodization: theory and methodology in the professional training and development of football players with specific focus on physiological perspectives. The research theorizes that the utilization of specialization training that is based on a comprehensive multilateral foundation is the most effective training method necessary to develop a professional football player. Introduction Professional football training and development is a process that should be governed by the principles of training. The core objective of these processes is top increase the footballer’s sporting skills and ultimately his/her level of sporting performance. Professional football training and development has to cover the various performance aspects or components that are normally employed by a player in a match. These include tactical, technical, social/psychological and fitness training. In order for an athlete to compete as a professional football player from a physiological perspective, they need to have high levels of fitness so as to cope with the physical demands that the game requires as well as be able to utilize their technical abilities throughout the whole game. As such fitness training is an important part of the professional footballer’s training programme. The most important characteristic of a football fitness training program is that it should closely resemble match-play as much as possible. As such the main part of the training for fitness exercise should incorporate a football as this has several advantages. Firstly, the players are able to develop tactical and technical skills under similar conditions to those that they will be subjected to during a match. Secondly, this trains the specific muscle groups that are used when paying football. And finally this has been known to provide greater motivation for players as opposed to training without the ball (Ekblom, 1994, p. 124). Type of Training to be applied The overall development of the player should strike a balance between specialized training and multilateral development. As such, the earlier stages of training and development should be based on multilateral development which mainly targets the player’s overall physical development. As the player becomes more developed, the component of specialized training specific to skills needed in football steadily increases. As such the trainer or coach should have a clear understanding of the need for each of the two training stages and how the focus from one to the other changes as the player develops (Bompa Haff, 2009, p. 1). It is important to incorporate multilateral development in the formative periods of training program that wishes to develop and form a professional footballer. This is because it lays the ground work for the later steps in training that will be more specialized. The proper implementation of this principle will enable the player to have a developed physiological; basis that is essential for optimized performance necessary for professional football. This will ensure that the player has a high level of technical mastery as well as the physical preparation that translate to higher performance levels. The coach or trainer should avoid being tempted to ignore multilateral training for specialized training especially when the player becomes technically adept early in the process of training and development as this may compromise the player’s ability to sustain their optimal physical form once they get into professional football (Bompa Haff, 2009, p. 32). A sequential approach to the development of the player that progresses from the multilateral training to specialization is essential as the player matures so as to maximize their sporting potential. The multilateral stage includes multisport skills, some football specific skills and multifaceted motor development. As such the player undertakes a variety of exercises that allows him/her to fully develop his/her physiological system. For example, this phase of training allows the cardiovascular, neuromuscular and the energy systems to be activated in a number of ways. It is only when the player attains an acceptable level of development can him /her progress to the next phase which involves more specialization. It is important to note that this stage of development does not exclude specificity in its elements of training and on the contrary aspects of specificity of training should be maintained in all the stages of the training and development program although in varying proportions. Thus at this level specialization is minimal but increases in percentage as the player matures. This helps the player to have a foundation necessary for future development and also helps him/her to avoid staleness and overuse injury in future training and match-play (Bompa Haff, 2009, p. 2). The adoption of a comprehensive multilateral phase in training and development should be capable of ensuring that the player is best suited for a professional career in football. Although the improvement of performance is slow at the beginning it gradual increases to peak at eighteen or older, an age when the player has reached psychological as well as physiological maturity and can be able to better handle the pressures of playing professionally. It also allows for progressive and consistent performance in competitions as well as a longer athletic career. Overall physiological development as well as a more progressive loading pattern results in fewer injuries for the player (Bompa Haff, 2009, p. 34). Once the player is sufficiently developed, the training and development starts the specialization phase which is mainly non-unilateral. You read "Professional Football Training and Development" in category "Papers" This training allows the player to adapt physiologically to football. Specific adaptation involves areas such as the metabolic demand, movement demands, muscle recruitment patterns, contraction type and force generation pattern. Also note that the type of training employed has very specific effects on the player’s physiological characteristics. For example, resistance training has effects ranging from alterations of the neuromuscular system, metabolic or bioenergetics pathways, and the contractile machinery. Conversely endurance training is capable of stimulating both the peripheral as well as the central adaptations, which include the modification of a player’s metabolic and bioenergetics factors, altering patterns of neural recruitment and stimulating alterations of skeletal muscle significantly. Contemporary research done on athletes has shown that the skeletal muscles exhibit largely characteristics of plasticity in response to different types of endurance and resistance training resulting in the deactivation or activation of the different signaling pathways on a molecular level depending on the type of exercise the player is subjected to (Bompa Haff, 2009, p. 35). The overall fitness training programme should incorporate elements of intermittency, randomness and dynamism. Although this may make the training and development process of professional footballers seem complex it is absolutely necessary so as to condition them to the conditions of match-play. As such the training should involve randomly sequenced physiological processes. This proves to be a challenge for coaches in their quest to condition and develop players. However, players should be involved in training programs that offers specialization that is based on multilateral training at the beginners’ stage. The specialization phase is characterized by a progressive increase in intensity and total volume of training as well as the degree of specialization. Specialization in simple terms describes exercise training that mimic or parallel movement in football while the multilateral phase describes exercises that develop endurance, speed and strength. Many researchers have suggested that the best adaptation to training and development of a professional football player occur as a result if exercise specific and that utilizes the football and also exercise that is targeted at specific bio-motor abilities but only after a multilateral foundation has been comprehensively developed (Da Silva, Bloomfield Marins, 2008). The fitness training and development programme should consider multiple factors so as to cover the various physical performance aspects that are required in football. As such the training needs to be divided into components that are based on specific physical demands that footballers experience during a match. Players experience varying exercise intensity during a training session as well as during matches. As such, the training must incorporate aerobic, anaerobic as wells specific muscle training. These two terms focus on the energy pathways that are dominant when participating in actual activity, either in training or in a match. Anaerobic and aerobic training represent exercise intensities above and below the maximum oxygen intake, respectively (Reilly Williams, 2003, p. 7). Physiological state necessary for the success of a professional football player A professional football player covers a mean distance of approximately eleven kilometers in a ninety minutes game. This value is not representative of the total energy requirements on the player during a game since in addition to running a walking, the footballer also has to perform other activ ities that are energy demanding. These activities include changing direction, acceleration and deceleration, static muscle contraction, jumping, tackling and rising from the ground among others. The total energy expenditure is therefore determined by all the physiological factors in play that affect the footballer. Experiments done on elite players have shown that out of the total energy contribution in the maximal oxygen intake, 70 % is derived from aerobic sources (Tumilty, 1993). As such the training programs of elite players emphasize on training at such average exercise intensity for at least ninety minutes in order to emphasize the player’s ability to perform intermittent exercise for prolonged periods, in other words, enhance endurance. In addition a professional player should be capable of performing consistently at high intensity, sprint and develop a high power output (force) necessary for single match situations, for example, jumping, tackling and kicking. The basis for optimal performance in these categories is characterized by fitness in aspects of cardiovascular endurance, muscular endurance and strength combined with interplay of coordination by the nervous system. These characteristics determined genetically but can as well be developed through proper training (Spinks, Reilly Murphy, 2002, p. 3). Factors affecting efficiency in training and developing of football players Factors affecting the development and training of players include most importantly factors that the coach and the player can influence such as the player’s physical abilities; anaerobic power, aerobic capacity, strength/speed, agility/flexibility and coordination. Player’s Technical and tactical skills; control/passing, tackl ing/shooting, knowledge/creativity and anticipation. Player’s Psychological factors: confidence, motivation, arousal, concentration. The player’s current status such as injuries being experienced, nutritional levels and psychological stability is also a factor in play during training. Factors that the coach or player do not have control over such as environmental and social factors such as the coach or trainer, family, friends, the climate, playing surface. Other factors include the gender of the player and the genetic endowment (Reilley Korkusuz, 2008) Methodology Data for this study will be drawn from field work, documentary analysis and both formal and informal interviews. Also previous research as well as official publication from relevant bodies governing football will form the starting point for the inquiry relevant to this research. To understand the best method for training and developing professional football players, field observations will be carried out on three professional academies and three non professional teams in the United Kingdom that carter for youths wishing to join the senior teams. Data will also be gathered in these situations using formal and informal methods (Holmes 1991, p. 20). The data will then be analyses using the comparative investigation of physical education and sport developed by Holmes (1991). This will be with a view to suggest solutions to currently apparent problem and offer future programme improvements to the way training and developing professional footballers is currently practiced (Holmes, 1991,p 27). How to cite Professional Football Training and Development, Papers

Shakespeare’S Play ‘Romeo And Juliet’ Essay Paper Example For Students

Shakespeare’S Play ‘Romeo And Juliet’ Essay Paper Shakespeares play was written to entertain the people of 1600, Franco Zeffirellis film was set at the same time as Shakespeare play, and set in Verona, where as Baz Luhrmanns was set slightly into the future, Baz Luhrmanns film was set at Verona Beech, in America, this is aimed to interest the younger generations of today who might not want to watch a film which is based on a play written 400 years ago by Shakespeare. Both Franco Zeffirelli and Baz Luhrmann have made the connection with the idea courtly love written about in Shakespeares play, which wasnt traditional when the films were made. Courtly love is where a young man would fall in love with a woman of higher social class, or married, either way unattainable to the young man. The whole point of Rosline in the play was to illustrate/demonstrate courtly love to the audience, but then Romeo falls in love with Juliet, a true love. Courtly love was a middle age and Elizabethan, European tradition. Even though Baz Luhrmanns is set in America, it still carries the tradition. Both plays miss out parts which was in Shakespeares play, Franco Zeffirelli misses out the apothecary, this is to show his focus on getting to Juliets tomb. In Baz Luhrmanns he overlooks the fight between Romeo and Paris this is because if he killed Paris and dragged him into the church to lie next to Juliet it would take the focus of Romeo and Juliet when they are dead and lying next to each other. Act five, scene one, in Shakespeares play is set in a street in Mantua, and its Thursday, in Franco Zeffirellis sets this scene similar to how you would imagine it, its set in a big house, its dull, and sets the mood of sadness. But in Baz Luhrmanns film sets the scene one, in a squatters camp in the desert, and its sunny. Shakespeares play has an apothecary in, where Romeo gets the poison Baz Luhrmanns film also has this in, but Franco Zeffirellis film has no apothecary in, Romeo just produces the poison when it is needed. Scene two in Shakespeares play was set in Friar Lawrences cell, its approximately dusk on Thursday. In Franco Zeffirellis film scene two is missed out, the two Friars do not have a conversation, Franco Zeffirelli shows this scene by Romeo and Balthasar passing Friar John on his donkey. In Baz Luhrmanns film the post office replaces Friar John. Baz Luhrmann also uses juxtaposition of scenes to show it is all starting to go wrong. It quickly switches from scene to scene to show the Friar panicking that Romeo hasnt got the letter, then the scene switches to Romeo and Balthasar being chased by the police. This creates urgency and chaos, it gives you the feeling the plan is going to go wrong. Scene three in Shakespeare play is set in a churchyard, outside the tomb of the Capuletts, its Thursday evening. Both Franco Zeffirelli and Baz Luhrmann didnt include the fight between Romeo and Paris in their films, Baz Luhrmanns ending to the film is totally different to how you would imagine it to be. In Baz Luhrmanns film, the police are chasing Romeo as soon as he enters Verona, In neither Shakespeares play or Franco Zeffirellis film is Romeo known to be in Verona, until the end, when he is found dead. In Baz Luhrmanns film there is no fight with Paris, but when he is going into the church he has a hostage, who he threatens with a gun and says the famous quote tempt not a desperate man Once he gets to the door of the church he lets the hostage go, the hostage is a random person which was coming out of the church. Once Romeo gets into the church the police seem to fade away, this is because Baz Luhrmann used the idea of sanctuary to connect the film with Shakespeares play, and beliefs of the time. on Caesar In Shakespeare's play of Caesar EssayIn Franco Zeffirellis film she cries about Romeo killing himself then she talks to the dead body after that she kill herself, the actor doesnt seem to fully take on the role of Juliet and seems to some extent lack emotion. She seems to have just followed the directors said to do and not acted to her full ability. This is also the same for Romeo, his character comes across as fake, the actor doesnt act as you would expect Romeo to behave. In Baz Luhrmanns film there are gaps in-between when she cries, talks, and kills herself, giving you time to think about what is happening, so you get the full impact of what is happening. Romeos character is acted well, he behaves as you imagine Romeo to behave, sincere and full of emotions. This is shown in his childish love for Rosline and his true love for Juliet. Another difference is that in Shakespeares play you would have probably seen Juliet kill herself, in Franco Zeffirellis you see her kill herself, but in Baz Luhrmanns you dont see her kill herself, it jumps to a different scene, outside the church, where you hear the gun shot. The scene of the church is from the sky, where the church looks big and daunting, its dark outside, then you realise just how important the church is to the rest of the town. After you hear the gun shot the scene jumps from outside the church to inside the church, were you see Juliet and Romeo are dead, the alter where they lie is in the shape of a cross, with candles around them, so you could say that they were sacrificed for the peace of the families. And it goes to flashbacks of when they was happy and together Shakespeare backs of when they was together and happy. They are taken out of the of the church on stretchers, covered by a white cloth, as this is happening, captain prince makes a speech, to the families, people standing by and the cameras this is the speech the prince makes in the tomb in Shakespeares play, and in Franco Zeffirellis is, again, made by the prince, standing on some stairs at the end of the death march, where the death bell is rang, but in Baz Luhrmanns film it is made by the prince first then subsequently by a news reader. As the newsreader is reading the speech the television starts to shrink. The language in Baz Luhrmanns film was similar to the language used in Shakespeares play, and was easy to understand because of the way it was acted out more clearly. Baz Luhrmanns film had much more Shakespearean in than Franco Zeffirellis, Franco Zeffirellis film was a bit harder to understand because you was trying to work out what the actors were doing.

Title of the Paper Essays (656 words) - Education, Education Reform

Title of the Paper ( Education: Social Issue in the United States ) Submitted By ( Kadeejah Johnson, [emailprotected] ) Number and Name of Course (Oral Communication - COMM 101) Class Meeting Time/Day (M/W/F: 9:00 A.M. - 9:50 A . M. ) Professor (Dr. Ephraim Okoro) Semester (Fall 2016) Today's Date (Friday November 11 , 2016) Bowie State University Department of Communications Bowie, Maryland A subject very true to my heart, has been the most talked about issue in the suburban and inner cities of the United States and that is education. The misconception with education is that it is free for everyone and is equally distributed to every student. The issue that has become the surface of teacher's frustration is Common Core, which is the standard test in both mathematics and English. It has been known that teachers could only teach students what the State or District allows them to teach with such moderations of being creative with the way they go about the lesson. The underling social issue with education is that it is education does not belong to the teachers and the school's anymore, it belongs to the State and District; leaving teachers limiting what the students need to learn and the way they are supposed to learn it. The best way to handle the issue is to give education back to the school and its administration to give the students the proper education. Going into our twenty-first century, we are finding more and more students graduating from high school not prepared to do college-level work or achieve sufficiently in entry-level jobs. The public business community is beginning to doubt whether public schools are capable of producing individuals who can become productive members of society. They ask the school systems how it is so many students can graduate with so few skills. One explanation is "social promotion"--that is, school systems' practice of promoting a student to the next grade level regardless of their academic ability. Although social promotion may seem new to us today, it has a long history. Social promotion has been a function of educational institutions for decades. Promotion of an individual no matter what his academic success has long been a standard procedure. Schools cannot appear they are failing to educate their students so they do whatever it takes to promote the student to the next grade. Will the debates over education reform ever end? Can any system of education ever be formed to satisfy the conflicting desires of the people? The education of America's youth is an important subject to most voters. Education holds a few spots in every election and has always been a crucial part of every candidate's platform. The people of America have many sides to each of the numerous issues that surround education. Some of these issues include the content of the curriculum, discipline policies, safety of the children, over-crowded classrooms, zoning regulations, quality of teachers, and the inclusion or exclusion of religious teachings. Parents are lost in the sea of different reform ideas to vote for when they fill out their ballots. Simply, parents want their children to receive a superb education. Searching for a school that can provide such an education can prove to be a difficult task. The largest supplier of education is the government. While almost half of America consider the public schools to be "only fair" or worse, the overwhelming majority of parents continue to send their children to publics schools (Metropolitan). The best way to handle such situations is to vote for a candidate that supports the issues in the educational system, and to not undermine what the other candidate feels about education. Always consider how a National situation can affect the future of your children or possibly even yourself.

Fixes for Ambiguous Headlines

Fixes for Ambiguous Headlines Fixes for Ambiguous Headlines Fixes for Ambiguous Headlines By Mark Nichol Headlines that can be read more than one way, or that contain a confusing or erroneous element, have been a source of amusement for journalists and newshounds and of consternation for the perpetrators since the dawn of written mass communication, but anyone who writes or edits should be aware of the dangers of careless headline writing. Here are several headlines that prompt a double take. 1. â€Å"Gadhafi Forces Retreat† This could be interpreted as meaning â€Å"Gadhafi compelled rebels to retreat† or â€Å"Gadhafi’s military units were compelled to retreat† two readings about as diametrically opposed as possible. Space is often a consideration in print publications, requiring verbal shortcuts and curt words, but â€Å"Gadhafi’s Forces Retreat† or â€Å"Gadhafi Forces Foes to Retreat,† depending on the intended message, adds no more than a few characters. 2. â€Å"Second Toddler Found in Pool Also Dies at Hospital† This headline reads as if the toddler died twice once in the pool, and then again at the hospital. The explanation that two toddlers had been retrieved from a pool, and that one had already died at the hospital, should be introduced in the article, not in the headline. The solution is to not attempt to make a reference to the first toddler at all: â€Å"Second Toddler Found in Pool Dies at Hospital.† 3. â€Å"Retiring Police Officer’s Novel Tactics† This headline can be read three ways, listed in increasing order of likelihood: 1) â€Å"A shy police officer’s unusual tactics,† 2) â€Å"A police department is ceasing to use a police officer’s unusual tactics,† and 3) â€Å"Unusual tactics of a police officer about to retire.† (The headline could also be referring to a full-length work of fiction perhaps the officer, now retired from law enforcement, is applying his or her knowledge of police tactics to the plot of a novel but that misreading is unlikely.) The headline’s intended meaning is the third one, and though no one is likely to assume otherwise, the ambiguity is nevertheless distracting. â€Å"Novel Tactics of a Retiring Police Officer† has only three more characters and spaces than the original headline, and although retiring could still be misconstrued as referring to a personality trait rather than cessation of a career, that’s a stretch; the inverted word order makes the context clearer, diminishing the probability of initial confusion. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Business Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:20 Great Similes from Literature to Inspire YouFive Spelling Rules for "Silent Final E"Drama vs. Melodrama

Childhood Obesity in the United States Research Paper - 2

Childhood Obesity in the United States - Research Paper Example Here, the whole research entailed 8,500 children under the age of four years. The outcomes were alarming in that, almost 18 percent of the children were diagnosed with obesity. Due to this high number of affected children, Hubbard, the author affirms that it forced the researchers to inquire the cause of this veering phenomenon. It became known that a number of household routines gear up a predicator of the obesity in the United States. It follows that these household routines are viewed as easy to initiate in that its accomplishment does not actually entail a cost. For instance, families that have established good or considerable routines family meals, this has proved to be positive to children since it results in improved academic results in children, risk of using drugs and alcohol, attention as well as overall wellbeing.Luck of family eating together, proper sleep just to mention but a few has constituted to the issue of increased obesity in children in the US, this is according to the above article.Hubbard affirms that teens should be made to follow a certain healthy schedule, for instance, they should b made to not when to go to sleep. Secondly, he reminds the parents that children under the age of two years should be denied the chance of watching television, and those above the age of two should watch television but in not more than two hours. It is difficult to understand its co-relation with obesity, the truth is that this author followed the direction by the American Academic of Pediatrics.

Brief economic analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Brief economic analysis - Essay Example This action also shows the government and the whole nation at large have confidence with the growth of the economy. The economy is expected to grow to convincing levels (Moore 5). The Federal acquires bonds from financial institutions like banks and investors. These bonds include mortgage securities and treasury bonds. The main purpose and goal of doing this was to reduce the pressures exerted on long-term interest rates. Make investors gain confidence in borrowing funds because they have a longer payment period. This action by the Federal Reserve also was meant to promote a stronger recovery strategy. This action by the Federal Reserve has affected people who had the motive of saving with financial institutions because the Federal Reserve has reduced the interest rates making them go to low levels (Moore 10). Some economists argue that it will have no difference in saving the money saved in the banks and keeping it in the house since it earns low returns when saved in the banks. Usually, as the interests rates reduce, people tend to save less. Investment on the hand improves although not proportionally. The other action of the Federal Reserve of buying bonds reduced the returns on bonds. Reduction of returns on bonds made investors not buy more bonds. Investors’ buy bonds with the aim of making profits from the returns they acquire, but having in mind the returns are low; they will shift their investment policies in other things. Investors shifted to buying other assets and bonds from foreign countries. Buying bonds in foreign countries will ensure that they continue makin g gains rather than having the money stay in bank accounts where they earn little returns. Another current issue in the American economic condition is the inequality challenge. There exists a big difference between the people who own corporations and the employees. The main cause of this inequality is that corporations are interested